影展簡介
 
彼 端 2011台灣拉美影展

電影中對於拉美社會的現實觀照
拉丁美洲是地球上與台灣直線距離最遙遠的一塊大陸,幾呈180度的背對背方位,沒有捷徑,不論從任何方向朝她靠近,都得足足繞越半個地球才能到達彼端。天南地北的距離,加之語言的隔閡,以致直到科技交通進步的今日,真正親身走訪過拉美的此地同胞仍極為有限,對她仍是一知半解充滿好奇。

大眾傳媒,尤其是電影,無疑是當今幫助我們去認識遠方世界最有效的工具之一。台灣的影展文化雖逐年興盛,但鮮少有對拉美歷史、文化、社會聚焦深入探看的電影節目,多半僅止於邀約年度大影展曝光作品聊備一格,即便偶有專題也限於片量而無法深入關照,而且除了嘉年華之歡慶式的包裝方式外,似乎也不易看到其它的切入角度。

事實上,拉美在民主化與現代化的過程中飽嚐艱辛,多數國家幾乎都歷經軍事獨裁之苦,直至1990年智利軍事強人領袖皮諾切下台,拉美地區才算全面結束獨裁專政的時代。本次台灣拉美影展所選映的三部智利片就是對該國歷史回顧的一個迷你小輯,三位導演均因1973年受到皮諾切鎮壓異己而流亡海外。其中《鄉村歲月》即為於數月前辭世的智利名導拉烏.盧伊茲在拜別祖國多年後返鄉完成的一部緬懷昔日智利靜好歲月的傑作,我們用這部影片開幕紀念他,也祝福拉美地區永別政治紛亂,人民安享太平盛世。

拉美近代歷史中的政治動亂帶給人民的影響極其深遠,不僅上一輩身受其害的電影人念茲在茲,自幼成長於內戰烽火而今茁壯的青年編導們亦閃避不掉此一無比糾纏的童年經驗,於是我們看到許多夾雜著歷史創痛的深刻反省作品(註1),考驗著拉美人民如何從生命重創中走出,進而浴火重生。而傳說中那只裝著珍貴西班牙內戰攝影史料的 「墨西哥皮箱」在失蹤了超過半世紀以上終於再度浮現並被公諸於世,《墨西哥皮箱》一片交代了其間曲折過程,並討論了墨西哥當時所扮演的重要接濟角色,顯示其不自外於國際正義的恢宏政治視野與人道精神。

像世上許多國家一樣,民主政治解決了獨裁政權,但未必能解決民生問題,制度不全與人謀不臧造成許多拉美國家人民財富分配不均貧富差距懸殊,繼而引起社會階級對立(註2),而貧窮所導致的非法移工(註3)、販毒暴力、人口販賣等犯罪問題(註4),形成無比嚴峻的社會考驗;問題叢生的社會同時造成人民精神困頓,許多人冷漠麻木憂鬱喪志(註5),但更多的是勇於懷抱夢想積極衝刺向上(註6);宗教權威隨著時代的開放而受到新的考驗(註7),兩性關係因社會架構轉變而產生衝擊(註8),等等迫切待以解決的社會問題不一而足。

在文化方面,拉美在多元的民族血統與歐洲殖民文化交互影響造成多樣繽紛的文化樣貌:墨西哥與絕大多數中美洲國家(貝利斯、瓜地馬拉、宏都拉斯、薩爾瓦多、尼加拉瓜、哥斯大黎加、巴拿馬)以及部分南美國家如哥倫比亞、厄瓜多爾、秘魯、玻利維亞、巴拉圭主要承繼瑪雅、印加、奧爾梅克及阿茲特克等古文明文化(註9),繼之與西班牙殖民者的文化產生混種文化。巴西、委內瑞拉以及位於加勒比海的古巴、多明尼加共和國、海地以及牙買加等國則繼承較豐富的黑人文化,其中巴西在語言和文化上另受歐陸的葡萄牙影響;牙買加則另受英國影響;海地另受法國影響(註10);其餘則仍受西班牙殖民脈絡影響。其餘拉美國家如阿根廷、智利與烏拉圭則基本上充斥歐洲移民,直接承接歐陸的文化脈絡(註11)。各國文化差異反應在文學,藝術及電影上尤其明顯。

此外,拉美大陸縱跨熱帶、亞熱帶、溫帶、寒帶,廣納高原,草原、沙漠、海洋、湖泊、 雨林、火山、凍原等豐富多樣的地貌風景(註12),在電影中隨著劇情流轉自然呈現,令人驚艷神往,也拉近了我們對拉美地區視覺上的想像。

總之,所有拉美國家面臨的生存條件與處境不盡相同,考驗著拉美人民的智慧與毅力,也吸引我們的注目與關懷。首屆台灣拉美影展(2011)藉著來自拉美地區十七國二十六部反應拉美當前社會文化歷史議題的傑出得獎影片來關注這座歷盡滄桑的豐富美麗陸塊,這樣的拉美影片節目規模在本地乃至兩岸三地雖已史無前例,但仍未必能周全關照所有拉美地區的所有議題,然而至少是一個關注的起始,也希望這樣的關注日後有機會延續累積,以利此地民眾深入理解關懷該一地區的社會文化概況,並分享該區電影藝術之進展,誠摯希望獲得各界的支持與鼓勵。

策 展 人
策展人:黃翠華 & 平臨泰 古 今 東 西 文 化
(註1) 拉美歷史創痛問題相關影片: 《星空塵土》、《島上10號》、
   《列寧格勒明信片》、《哈瓦那組曲》、《烽火家園》、
   《墨西哥皮箱》
(註2) 拉美社會階級對立問題相關影片:《魔沼》、《女孩玉瑪》、
   《天上人間》、《千禧午夜》、《移工哀歌》
(註3) 拉美移工及偷渡問題相關影片:《移工哀歌》、《留下的人》、
   《何處為家》、《美簽》、《遙迢尋親路》
(註4) 拉美犯罪問題相關影片:《守夜人》、《千禧午夜》、
   《聖徒與我》、《女孩玉瑪》、《煉獄馬林巴》、《天上人間》
(註5) 拉美社會心理相關影片:《魔沼》、《廣島廣島》
(註6) 拉美積極民族性相關影片:《拉丁拳王》、《女孩玉瑪》、
   《明星夢》、《美簽》
(註7) 拉美宗教議題相關影片:《聖徒與我》、《瑪黛奴莎》、
   《何處為家》
(註8) 拉美兩性關係議題相關影片:《美簽》、《千禧午夜》、
   《女孩玉瑪》
(註9) 拉美多元民族相關影片:
   《瑪黛奴莎》、《魔咒手風琴》、《黎明送行者》
(註10)拉美黑人文化相關影片:《何處為家》
(註11)拉美歐陸文化脈絡相關影片:《魔沼》、《小故事》、
   《鄉村歲月》
(註12)拉美豐富地貌風景相關影片:《魔咒手風琴》、
   《美簽》、《星空塵土》、《遙迢尋親路》、《瑪黛奴莎》、
   《何處為家》、《烽火家園》、《留下的人》

TAIWAN LATINO FILM FESTIVAL 2011 TO THE OTHER SIDE Screening 26 International award winning films from 17 Latin American countries offers the opportunity to show a captivating, rich and diverse culture from a region that have produced great talents in literature, music and art, including Nobel Prize Laureates Mario Vargas Llosa, Octavio Paz, Pablo Neruda, Miguel Angel Asturias and Gabriel Garcia Marquez who popularizes the term “magic realism”. The region have also produced universal “icons” in visual arts and music with artists like Frida Kahlo and rhythms like mambo, tango, salsa, bossa nova, danzon, etc.

Film culture in this particular region is very old and internationally connected. August Lumiere presented his films in Mexico and Argentina a year after their presentation in Paris in 1895 thus induced the medium to the region. The medium has become extremely popular ever since in the region and thus attract the devotion of numerous Latin talents. Today the region has produced an abundant of world class filmmakers that have been producing international acclaimed films with rich social content, vividly presenting the social, cultural, political and economic problems facing regular people from different backgrounds.

Some of the selected films show the past political struggles of the region until 1990 which regularly produced brutal dictatorships, guerrilla movements and civil wars. Now all countries in the region have democratically elected governments, getting rid of murderous dictators. The region has regained overall peace with the exception of Colombia which is still facing the problem of the guerrilla movements.

In other selected films, the filmmakers portray the problems of poverty and unequal distribution of income in relatively wealthy countries, producing a wide gap between the under-privileged and the arrogant rich and upper middle class that treats the poorer with great distance and in cases with contempt and disrespect. Several of the chosen films show the conflicts faced by many middle-class families that lost their wealth and their standard of living. Other movies present stories from ambitious courageous people that work hard to gain respect, status and money.

Undocumented immigration to the USA and to neighboring wealthier countries is a topic poetically exposed in both documentaries and fiction films displaying the harsh realities faced by those who have to leave their families to find jobs as well as the suffering experience of those who remain, especially children without their parents. Drug consumption and trafficking have produced addicts as well as powerful and very violent organizations led by drug lords in most countries of the region which inspires many filmmakers to show this terrible problem from the most unexpected angles.

Magic realism in the region is embedded in the enigmatic religious culture where Catholic convictions blend with pre-Hispanic myths giving filmmakers materials to develop what might seem surrealistic tales when in fact are true stories. In most of the selected films we are able to appreciate the melancholic and, at the same time, festive, passionate and loving character of most people in Latin America, the qualities that pose even those who have to deal with poverty, violence and in some cases abuse and crime.

The stories unfolded in the movies reflect a particular culture and a particular moment. Although cultural background and national context is important but in our closely-connected global world, universal values and problems, part of the human condition, can be recognized in films from Latin America just like from Asia or Europe. However, there is always the sensibility and talents of the creators that make their films unique and independent no matter where they are created.

It is a great opportunity for the audience in Taiwan to get access to these films that have their own regional flavor, national values and existing realities, and also the touch of the individual artist and directors that make them possible.

These 26 films show the unique beauty of a region that is endowed with the most varied scenery and also particularly beautiful human and geographical landscapes.

Curated by Christine Tsui-Hua Huang & Jorge Pinto Old & New | East & West Cultural Co., Ltd. For Taiwan Film and Culture Association